Mailing List flyrotary@lancaironline.net Message #23868
From: Leon <peon@pacific.net.au>
Subject: Air Locks in EFI lines & Scientific Method was Re: [FlyRotary] Re: Is common sense dead (rant mode on)
Date: Wed, 15 Jun 2005 12:32:54 +1000
To: Rotary motors in aircraft <flyrotary@lancaironline.net>
Message
Hi Guys,
 
A timely word of caution.  Just want to chuck in some more addled thoughts on AIR Locks vs VAPOUR Locks.  As I mentioned in another post,  It is almost impossible to get a VAPOUR lock in the pressurised part of an EFI system (unless you are REALLY silly and run the supply line 1/2" from your exhaust pipe).  Lynn Hanover in his post confirms my notion that vapour locks normally only occur in the LOW pressure part of the system, especially when a lift pump is used to "suck" fuel (and therefore subject it to a partial vacuum),  especially when they are close to a heat source and are not adequately shield/insulated.
 
A properly designed EFI system should have no problem priming the high pressure EFI pump,  because it should ALWAYS have a head of fuel on it.  Either being the lowest point in the system,  or at the bottom of a "Surge",  'Header",  or "Make-Up" tank (whatever you want to call it).  However,  AIR locks are a different matter.  The fuel system must be designed to allow it to purge any air entrained in the system, either from initial installation,  but most especially if you happen to run the tank dry,  either on purpose,  or inadvertently during flight. 
 
Case in point - I mentioned that I had experienced AIR lock in EFI systems before.  On one occasion,  I wasted several hours and a couple of hundred dollars of dyno time before the penny dropped.  Had I walked away for a few minutes,  sat down and thought about it carefully,  the CAUSE of the problem would have been obvious.  But I was too close to the problem,  and also too baffled by my own "BS & Brilliance"(};>) as well ( no smart comments please ...)
 
It took somebody else,  not associated with this particular car (it even had the dyno operator flummoxed - and Rocky is one seriously sharp rotary dude) to ask the right questions,  eliminate all the "red herrings",  and come up with the correct answer -  which was that there was an air lock between the two fuel rails. 
 
Fortunately,  after a couple of fruitless hours,  Rocky & I eventually agreed that we needed help (yeah I know what you are thinking ... again,  no smart, comments please ...),  so we called in our friendly Motec dealer.  He lobs over,  looks at the installation,  asks a few pointed questions,  and sees the problem almost immediately.  Both Rocky & I ended up with very sore and very flat foreheads that night - (You know how you slap your forehead when someone points out the blatently obvious??) - not to mention very sheepish and embarrassed looks on out faces.
 
See,  the symptom was one rail (front rotor) was running lean.  The fuel system was set up with a 4 barrel TB and to treat each rotor separately with its own fuel rail,  instead of using the normal primary/secondary injector fuel rail set-up. With the front rotor running lean,  the motor obviously wouldn't make any power. 
 
It turned out that the bridging supply line between the two fuel rails was high on the inner guard,  and had been put there as a temporary measure at the race track when an alloy rotary water pump had to be changed to an earlier cast iron pump,  and which fouled on the existing fuel rail and supply line.  Being the highest point in the system,  it naturally trapped a sizeable air lock,  which,  due to a combination of circumstances,   could not be purged. 
 
The air lock prevent most,  but not ALL of the fuel flowing to the front two injectors. the fact that the hose was a -8 made it all the more difficult to purge.   Simply by re-routing the hose DOWN instead of up,  the air lock cleared,  and we got back full power immediately.. 
 
Forever the "Doubting Thomas",  and to make sure we had indeed correctly diagnosed the problem,  and to demonstrate the cause,  I then spliced in a bleed nipple fitting in the -8 hose at the top of the loop,  re-fitted the fuel line back up over the strut tower (complete with massive air embolism) where it had previously been, and the power problem magically re-appeared.  We then bled out the air lock via the nipple,  and bingo,  the power came back.  So simple,  yet it escaped two really experienced rotary mechanics that night.  AgHCF (All gods Have Clay Feet).
 
So I just want to exhort you guys to be careful with your diagnosis of any problems that arise.  Think carefully about it, don't jump to conclusions,  ask the right questions,  and be prepared to consult others (which is what this list is about),   Often, we can become too close to a problem and it requires a disinterested party to be able to see clearly the whole situation.  Then try to design tests to prove any assertions wrong - not right (which is why I fitted the bleed nipple in the line). 
 
See,  I just didn't want to really believe that an air lock was actually the problem - I didn't even KNOW for sure that there WAS an airlock in the hose,  even though common sense told me there was.  I had to see it to believe it (the "Doubting Thomas" Syndrome with which I am so heavily infected) - sure enough,  on opening the bleed nipple,  there was a rush of air before the fuel began to squirt out.  QED. 
 
The problem was reproducible as well. (As Einstein once said about insanity (with which I am also infected):  "doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results").
 
 
Cheers,
 
Leon
 
 
----- Original Message -----
From: al p wick
Sent: Sunday, June 12, 2005 4:39 PM
Subject: [FlyRotary] Re: Is common sense dead (rant mode on)

 
On Sat, 11 Jun 2005 21:48:53 -0500 "rijakits" <rijakits@cwpanama.net> writes:
Everyone here is interested in solutions, SPECIFIC solutions.
 
 
 
Specifically, Follow this general principal:
When you have a theory, find way to prove it's true. Use facts.
Subscribe (FEED) Subscribe (DIGEST) Subscribe (INDEX) Unsubscribe Mail to Listmaster