Ed;
I appreciate your thorough
presentation. I guess you could have been brief; and said “Yep; you
have a misconception” J In any case I was not aware of the 0.84 maximum.
Even though I guess I knew at some level
it wasn’t correct; somewhere along the way I had gotten it into my head
that in converting the ‘dynamic’ to ‘static’ the static
pressure could be greater – something about conservation of energy; or
who knows what; but clearly that was a ‘misconception’ (having one
of those is much better than being completely screwed up)J.
Al
-----Original Message-----
From: Rotary motors in aircraft
[mailto:flyrotary@lancaironline.net] On
Behalf Of Ed Anderson
Sent: Monday, July 16, 2007 3:38
PM
To: Rotary motors in aircraft
Subject: [FlyRotary] Re: FW: Oil
cooler air flow
OK, Al, let me restate in a more
comprehensive manner and see if that helps.
We know that "dynamic
pressure" is actually measured by the increase it causes in
localized static pressure. So the term "dynamic
pressure" is actually just referring to the energy potential (Kinetic) of
the moving air to cause a localized increase in static pressure - if that
air movement were brought to a stop.
In other words, if we had a
flow of air with a specific velocity and specific density, that air would have
a ambient static pressure (say at sea level of 29.92" HG). The
moving air would also have a static pressure potential (Dynamic pressure)
based on its velocity and density. So that if a tube were used to measure
this "Dynamic Pressure" it must first bring that part being measured
to a stop the action of which converts the dynamic pressure potential
of the moving air to a localized static pressure increase in the tube.
So the total static pressure
at the measuring point would be the static pressure of the ambient air
(29.92"HG) plus whatever increase was caused by stopping the moving air or
converting its dynamic potential to static pressure. So Pt = Pa +
Pd with Dynamic Pressure component, Pd = p*1/2V^2.
So in case of a duct there is, of
course, only ambient static pressure in the duct if there is no air flow
through the duct. Once there is airflow then you also have potential
pressure in the form of the kinetic energy of the moving air. So that Pt
= Pa + p1/2V^2. p being air density, V being the velocity.
The streamline duct
(theoretically) can convert 84% of the moving air potential dynamic pressure to
static pressure increase. So that at the widest part of the duct just
before the core you would have a total static pressure Pt = Pa + 0.84*p1/2V^2.
But, using differential pressure
gauges with tubes pointed into the moving air, we are not measuring total
pressure, but the pressure increase due solely to the moving air. In
other words, if you were measuring 5" H20 and then the air stopped moving
, the gauge would read zero.
So with the manometer you are
measuring the pressure above ambient pressure or that resulting solely from the
dynamic pressure potential of the moving air being converted from kinetic
energy to static pressure. Yes, the ambient pressure is present but you
are not measuring it. With no moving air the water levels in you
manometer would all be exactly at the same level..
The fact is that you are measuring
static pressure at both locations - the 9.5" before the duct was a static
pressure increase in your measuring tube - cause by stopping the moving
air so its refer to as dynamic pressure. The fact is that you were also
measuring static pressure 3.25" at the location in the duct - but both
resulted from the transformation of the air's kinetic energy into a local
static pressure increase. Therefore, the fact that you were measuring
considerably more pressure before the duct than inside it indicates that the
air stream's velocity is not being efficiently transformed into static
pressure in the duct.
This implies that perhaps there is
less air velocity entering the duct than your measurement a couple inches in
front suggests OR there is sufficient eddies and adverse flow
situation inside the duct that precludes the efficient transformation into
a static pressure increase.
I do not have an aerodynamic or gas
dynamics background, so I could certainly be wrong. But, that is my
understanding based on the somewhat extensive reading I have done.
----- Original Message -----
Sent: Monday,
July 16, 2007 5:48 PM
Subject: [FlyRotary]
Re: FW: Oil cooler air flow
if the free air velocity (160)
converts to 12"H20 and you had a streamline duct inlet actual had that
coming in then theoretically you could get approx 12 * .84 = 10.8" inside
the duct. Since you measured 3.25" static in front of the core, that
would indicate a significant lack of pressure recovery inside your duct (what
ever the reason). There are several reasons this
might be happening.
I
think the confusion here is whether we’re talking “dynamic”
pressure or “static” pressure. Are you saying that the
maximum static pressure in the duct is 0.84 of the dynamic pressure at the
entrance to the duct? If that is true, I have been under a misconception.
I measured 9.5” dynamic pressure out in front of the scoop; and
3.25” static pressure near the face of the core – just below the
midpoint.
1. The air flow and velocity
is considerably reduced from what you are expecting (too small opening/exit -
which I don't believe to be the case)
2. The boundary layer is a
significant part of your duct total air flow and as a consequence
its lesser velocity has less dynamic pressure potential.
3. A significant part of your
duct flow is chaotic with eddies which does not provide recoverable pressure -
or it is much reduced. (The boundary layer could be contributing to this)
4. Some combination of the
above.
Right, now I would suspect that
the boundary layer could be the culprit in that it can contribute to 2 and 3
above. But, as you know, this is speculation on my part
I’m
sure you’re right; a combination of 2 and 3. Yesterday I measured the
static pressure near the upper surface of the duct; an inch or so in front of
the core – less than 0.25” H2O. That confirmed to me that the
“flow is
chaotic with eddies”, as you
say. I think the addition of a vane is
worth a try.
Al