Mailing List flyrotary@lancaironline.net Message #28456
From: Monty Roberts <montyr2157@alltel.net>
Subject: Cowl Exit
Date: Wed, 14 Dec 2005 16:01:03 -0600
To: <flyrotary@lancaironline.net>
John,   It really depends on how  much power/heat you are going to be producing.  However, if you have --say 24 sq inch for each of three openings (two for GM cores and one for oil cooler) then you have a total of 72 sq inches for cooling air to come into the cowl.  Now you are going to heat the air which will naturally cause it to expand in volume, and based on your opening size 4.25*11.25 = 47.8 sq inches for this expanded air to get out.   Your exit  area is way too small in  my opinion. 
 
  A "rule of thumb" for exit area that I have seen is no less than 1.2 ratio of exit to intake.  I have seen that ratio up to 1.7. so that would indicate you would need 1.2*72 = 86 to 1.7*72 = 122 sq inches.  Personally, I would lean toward the 122 myself.
 
Here is a rule of thumb I just got off the internet
 
You will hear rules of thumb that the exit openings, because the air is heated and thus presents more volume than the original intake air, should be 2.5 times the area of the intake opening. With good extraction of this heated air, allowed by the fact that it is exhausted into a low pressure area, the exit cross section can be as small as the intake in some cases. In others larger, but I have never seen this exit area have to exceed about 1.5 to twice the area of intake.
 
From a different source  Exit area totals 66.7 square inches which comes to about a 1 to 1.5 ratio inlet to exit area.
 
Notice no indication that anything less than intake area would do the job.
 
 
I used the solid pink foam from a lumberyard (had to glue several planks together).  I taped it with duct tape to prevent the foam from dissolving when I put on the epoxy - work fine for me.
 
Ed A
 
 
Ed,
 
The oft sited rules of thumb are fine. But you have to keep in mind it all depends on your flight conditions. If you size a radiator, inlet and exit for hot day climb, then it will be WAY too big for cruising at 75% power at 12K feet. In this case you use a cowl flap to bring the exit size down. This restricts the flow of air through the radiator thereby reducing momentum drag. It also causes the pressure in the cowl to go up. The air stacks up and you get external diffusion. The high pressure heated and expanded air now squirts out through this restriction and you gain some of your drag back. In this case, it is possible that the exit may be smaller than the inlet (the inlet is sized for WOT climb, not cruise). Remember the engine is putting out way less than rated power because you are (or should be) running LOP at 75% minus the power loss with altitude. So the heat load is way less than what you need to remove at WOT climb on a hot day. You should have some way to vary the exit if you want to get the best out of the airplane in cruise, of course it is more complex. It's all a trade off.
 
I must admit I like the current post following the previous. One can only rebel for just so long ;-).
 
Monty
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