Mailing List flyrotary@lancaironline.net Message #35838
From: Ed Anderson <eanderson@carolina.rr.com>
Subject: Re: [FlyRotary] Re: Pinched ducts was : [FlyRotary] Re: cowl openings for water radiators
Date: Thu, 1 Mar 2007 08:22:24 -0500
To: Rotary motors in aircraft <flyrotary@lancaironline.net>
 
 
Also:
Would it be a reasonable understanding, that the flow will separate for lack of airspeed?
One reason for the expanding duct is to slow down the air to be able to do some aork in the radiator. True increased pressure may "help" seperation, but I would think if you keep the pressure lower with exhaust augmentation you still will see separation once you get the airspeed below a certain energy level. Like a wing will eventually stall, not for AOA, but lack of airflow - you need a certain flow to keep the airstream attached to the airfoil even at 0º AOA.....
 
Am I way off??
 
Thomas J.

 I don't see anything unreasonsable about your viewpoint, Thomas.  While I think there is little question that less back pressure will permit more flow through the radiator, I am not certain how it will affect the separation point.  Would less back pressure mean less recovery pressure in front of the core?  If there is no effect on pressure buildup and maintenance before the core then the pressure gradient there might remain the same -but the pressure differential across the core increase.  There  is also the airmass flow (which actually does the cooling) factor and even if the pressure build up in front of the core  remains constant the lessen back pressure may permit more through-flow in the core. 
 
 There is no question that there are many factors at work here and many of them conflicting with others - so balance rather than elmination is the key.  One reason there is no cut/dry answer - it all depends on so many factors.
 
Here is an example from K&W chapter 12  The heat flow coefficient Kp for turbulent flow in smooth passages (radiator core passages)   Kp = 1/2*L/D* 0.326/(Re)^-4  . 
 
  If Kp is a measure of goodness, then clearly if L increases and D gets smaller Kp increases.  Or if the Reynolds number Re gets smaller Kp goes up.  So what does this mean?  It basically shows that for the heat transfer to be large, the Reynolds number should be low (I.e. the airflow through the core should be slow), the core should be deep(large L) and the hole's hydraulic diameter (D) should be small. 
 
 This makes sense as the thicker the core the more heat transfer (although the further into the core the less efficient the heat transfer), the holes should be smaller (area exposed area - with large holes some of the cooling air in the center will simply not have as much contact with the hot metal of the core)  and the air velocity should be slow (dwell time adds to heat transferred to the unit volume of air per unit time). 
 
However, if you make the core too thick or the holes too small or slow the air too much -  then your KP factor may be high - but your over all cooling will suck because you have too little mass flow through a too restrictive core.  This is just one example of where optimizing on one set of factors can play havoc with the overall system function.   One way of looking at it is that you have to suboptimize a lot of factors in order to get an optimum system {:>)
 
My 0.02
 
Ed
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